Order of enforcement

With Cloudflare Gateway, you can enable and configure any combination of DNS, network, and HTTP policies.

flowchart TB
    %% Accessibility
    accTitle: Gateway order of enforcement
    accDescr: Flowchart describing the order of enforcement for Gateway policies.

    %% In with user traffic
    start(["Traffic"])-->dns0[/"DNS query"/]-->dns1
    start-->http0{{"HTTP(S) request on port 80 or 443?"}}
    http0--Yes-->http1
    http0--No-->network0

    %% DNS policies
    subgraph DNS
    dns1["DNS policies"]
    style DNS text-align:left
    dns1--Resolved by-->dns2["1.1.1.1"]
    dns1-.->dns3

        %% DNS resolution
        subgraph Resolution
        dns2["1.1.1.1"]
        dns3["Resolver policies <br />(Enterprise users only)"]--Resolved by-->dns4["Custom resolver"]
        end

    end
    dns2["1.1.1.1"]----->internet
    dns4----->internet
    dns4-.->cloudflare["Private network services <br />(Cloudflare Tunnel, Magic WAN, etc.)"]


    %% Proxied by Gateway
    subgraph Proxy

    %% HTTP policies
    subgraph HTTP
    http1{{"Do Not Inspect policies"}}
    http1-."Inspect".->http2["Isolate policies  <br />(with add-on)"]
    http2-->http3["Allow, Block, Do Not Scan policies"]
    end

    http1--Do Not Inspect-->network0
    http3-->network0
    network0[/"Network connections"/]-->network1

    %% Network policies
    subgraph Network
    network1["Network policies"]
    end
    end

    %% Egress
    subgraph Egress
    network1-.->egress1["Egress policies <br />(Enterprise users only)"]
    end

    %% Finish
    network1--Egress with Cloudflare IP-->internet([Internet])
    egress1--Egress with dedicated IP-->internet

Priority between policy builders

Gateway applies your policies in the following order:

1. DNS policies with selectors evaluated before resolution
2. DNS policies with selectors evaluated after resolution
3. HTTP policies
4. Network policies
5. Egress policies (if applicable)

DNS policies are standalone. For example, if you block a site with a DNS policy but do not create a corresponding HTTP policy, users can still access the site if they know its IP address.

Next, Gateway evaluates HTTP policies in a specific order. For example, if you block a specific source IP in an HTTP policy but allow the IP range in a network policy, the IP address will be blocked.

Lastly, if traffic passes your HTTP policies, Gateway checks the traffic against your network policies. For example, even if you create a Do Not Inspect HTTP policy for a site, it can be blocked by a subsequent network policy.

HTTP/3 traffic

For proxied HTTP/3 traffic, Gateway applies your policies in the following order:

1. DNS policies
2. Network policies
3. HTTP policies

Priority within a policy builder

DNS policies

Gateway evaluates DNS policies first in order of DNS resolution, then in order of precedence.

When DNS queries are received, Gateway evaluates policies with pre-resolution selectors, resolves the DNS query, then evaluates policies with post-resolution selectors. This means policies with selectors evaluated before DNS resolution take precedence. For example, the following set of policies will block example.com:

Precedence	Selector	Operator	Value	Action
1	Resolved Country IP Geolocation	is	United States	Allow
2	Domain	is	example.com	Block

Despite an explicit Allow policy ordered first, policy 2 takes precedence because the Domain selector is evaluated before DNS resolution.

If a policy contains both pre-resolution and post-resolution selectors, Gateway will evaluate the entire policy after DNS resolution. For information on when each selector is evaluated, refer to the list of DNS selectors.

Network policies

Gateway evaluates network policies in order of precedence.

HTTP policies

Gateway applies HTTP policies based on a combination of action type and order of precedence:

1. All Do Not Inspect policies are evaluated first, in order of precedence.
2. If no policies match, all Isolate policies are evaluated in order of precedence.
3. All Allow, Block and Do Not Scan policies are evaluated in order of precedence.

This order of enforcement allows Gateway to first determine whether decryption should occur. If a site matches a Do Not Inspect policy, it is automatically allowed through Gateway and bypasses all other HTTP policies.

Note

The only exception is if you are using Clientless Web Isolation — all sites within the clientless remote browser are implicitly isolated even if they match a Do Not Inspect policy.

Next, Gateway checks decrypted traffic against your Isolate policies. When a user makes a request which triggers an Isolate policy, the request will be rerouted to a remote browser.

Lastly, Gateway evaluates all Allow, Block, and Do Not Scan policies. These policies apply to both isolated and non-isolated traffic. For example, if example.com is isolated and example.com/subpage is blocked, Gateway will block the subpage inside of the remote browser.

Order of precedence

Order of precedence refers to the priority of individual policies within the DNS, network, or HTTP policy builder (lowest value first, or from top to bottom as shown in the dashboard). You can modify the order of precedence by dragging and dropping individual policies in the dashboard.

In Gateway, the order of precedence follows the first match principle — once a site matches an Allow or Block policy, evaluation stops and no subsequent policies can override the decision. Therefore, we recommend putting the most specific policies and exceptions at the top of the list and the most general policies at the bottom.

Terraform precedence limitation

To avoid conflicts, Terraform applies a hash calculation to precedences. For example, a precedence of 1000 may become 1000901. This can cause errors when reordering policies. To avoid this issue, manually set the precedence of your policies via the Cloudflare API.

Example

Suppose you have a list of policies arranged in the following order of precedence:

• DNS policies:

  Precedence	Selector	Operator	Value	Action
  1	Host	is	example.com	Block
  2	Host	is	test.example.com	Allow
  3	Domain	matches regex	.\	Block

• HTTP policies:

  Precedence	Selector	Operator	Value	Action
  1	Host	is	example.com	Block
  2	Host	is	test2.example.com	Do Not Inspect

• Network policies:

  Precedence	Selector	Operator	Value	Action
  1	Destination Port	is	80	Block
  2	Destination port	is	443	Allow
  3	SNI Domain	is	test.example.com	Block

When a user goes to https://test.example.com, Gateway performs the following operations:

1. Evaluate DNS request against DNS policies:

   1. Policy #1 does not match test.example.com — move on to check Policy #2.
   2. Policy #2 matches, so DNS resolution is allowed.
   3. Policy #3 is not evaluated because there has already been an explicit match.

2. Evaluate HTTPS request against HTTP policies:

   1. Policy #2 is evaluated first because Do Not Inspect always takes precedence over Allow and Block. Since there is no match, move on to check Policy #1.
   2. Policy #1 does not match test.example.com. Since there are no matching Block policies, the request passes the HTTP filter and moves on to network policy evaluation.

3. Evaluate HTTPS request against network policies:

   1. Policy #1 does not match because port 80 is used for standard HTTP, not HTTPS.
   2. Policy #2 matches, so the request is allowed and proxied to the upstream server.
   3. Policy #3 is not evaluated because there has already been an explicit match.

Therefore, the user is able to connect to https://test.example.com.